The article deals with the topical issues of studying morphotypological and psychomotor characteristics of beginning athletes. The problem of assessing morphofunctional development is hereditarily conditioned and is controlled by of environmental factors. However, till now the development of training programs and the choice of primary sports specialization have been based on the averaged data, without taking into account the typological characteristics of an organism. The aim of the study is to identify the most significant types of psychomotor abilities in order to justify the choice of further specialization and to enhance successful results in different types of athletics. The following methods of research were used, i.e. somatotyping; anthropometry; methods of assessing functional state; method of anthropometric indices; psychomotor testing; pedagogical testing; methods of mathematical statistics. Somatotypes of 12-13 year old beginning athletes, both girls and boys, have been assessed. The comparative analysis of morphofunctional indicators of young athletes, considering their body type, revealed that most parameters vary from one somatotype to another. Significant differences in the indices of psychomotor abilities in representatives of different somatotypes have been revealed. It has been found that there is a strong correlation between psychomotor abilities and the parameters of physical fitness as well as sport achievements. The study has determined the most significant types of psychomotor abilities for better achievements in sport, specific for each somatotype.