Nizhnevartovsk Philological BulletinNizhnevartovsk Philological Bulletin2500-1795Nizhnevartovsk State University89091Research ArticleTHE ADJECTIVE IN «THE EXPERIENCE OF THE HISTORICAL GRAMMAR OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE» WRITTEN BY F.I. BUSLAEVKarpovA. K.Candidate of Philology, Professor, Department of Philology and Mass Comunication, active member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS), the International Pedagogical Academy (IPA), the deputy of the Duma of Nizhnevartovsk-RotovaL. N.Candidate of Philology, independent researcher-Nizhnevartovsk State Unuversty150920161142126112021Copyright © 2016, Karpov A.K., Rotova L.N.2016The authors analyze the section «adjective» contained in «The experience of the historical grammar of Russian language» of F. I. Buslaev. Despite years of researching in the field of morphology the problem of adjective system organization as a part of speech is supposed to be the most important in the modern Russian studies. The authors are interested in the solving of this problem on the early stage of Russian grammar establishment, they want to know what principles had dominated in determination of word’s part-of-speech belonging. Buslaev described the adjective in the historical millennial development; he based his research on Classical Greek, Church Slavic, Old Russian and Russian language considering the matter of region dialects. In the grammar book author gives the information about joint functioning and cooperation of short and long adjectives, about the role of the borrowed category of definiteness / uncertainty in full adjectives occurring. There is some information about syntactic function which eventually became a determinant in opposition of long to short adjectives. The most valuable part of section is the describing of derived adjectives, which includes detailed characteristic of adjectives’ morphemic structure. Buslaev points readers’ attention to the fact that all relative adjectives are derived. They are derived from roots of nouns, verbs, adverbs, numeral adjectives and pronouns. Long adjectives have suffixes and endings which show that a particular adjective derived for performing attributive function. That is the main function of long adjectives. Taking the position of attributive for noun, in other words, being a morphological member, long adjective realizes potential as a part of speech at most. Suffix and ending form end-piece of words and they play a crucial role in determination of words’ part-of-speech belonging. End-piece of word dominates even when semantics of root contradicts to end-piece, for example ordinal numerals. These and more materials by F.I. Buslaev prove relevance and contribute to the improvement of the modern vision of an adjective as a part of speech.categorical and grammatical meaning of the featureplenophonic endingssound-shifting of endingssyntactic functionкатегориально-грамматическое значение признакаполногласные окончаниямутация полногласных окончанийсинтаксическая функция[Борковский В.И., Кузнецов П.С. Историческая грамматика русского языка.- М.: КомКнига, 2006.- 512 с.][Виноградов В.В. Синтаксическая система Ф.И. Буслаева // Виноградов В.В. История русских лингвистических учений: Учеб. пособие для филол. специальностей университетов.- М.: Высшая школа, 1978. С. 69-90.][Востоков А.Х. Обь имени прилагательномь // Русская грамматика Александра Востокова, по начертанию его же сокращенной грамматики полнее изложенная. - СПб.: Вь Типографии И.Глазунова, 1831. С. 52-88.][Иванов В.В. Историческая грамматика русского языка.- М.: Просвещение, 1983.- 399 с.][Имя прилагательное // Буслаевь Ф.И. Опыть исторической грамматики русскаго языка. Учебное пособiе для преподавателей. Часть I. Этимологiя.- М.: Вь университетской типографiи, 1858. С. 117-232.][Имя прилагательное // Буслаевь Ф.И. Опыть исторической грамматики русскаго языка. Учебное пособiе для преподавателей. Часть II. Синтаксись.- М.: Вь университетской типографiи, 1858. С. 225-240.][Плотникова В.А. (Робинсон). Прилагательное // Русский язык. Энциклопедия / Гл. ред. Ю.Н.Караулов.- М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия; Дрофа, 1997. - 703 с.][Русский язык. Энциклопедия. Гл. ред. Ф.П.Филин.- М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1979.- 432 с.][Современный русский литературный язык: Учебник / Под ред. П.А. Леканта. - М.: Высшая школа, 2004. - 462 с.][Супрун А.Е. Части речи в русском языке.- М. Просвещение, 1971.- 133 с.]